Yang, Shengsong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1386-7549
Yang, Dai-Bei https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3327-6920
Ning, Yifan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8033-0904
Zhang, Yugang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7832-1475
Kikkawa, James M.
Saven, Jeffery G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5027-7241
Murray, Christopher B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-122X
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-18-1-2497)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-18-1-2497)
National Science Foundation (DMR2019444)
National Science Foundation (DMR2019444)
National Science Foundation (DMR-1720530)
National Science Foundation (DMR-1720530)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0019282)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0012704)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0019282)
Article History
Received: 1 September 2024
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.