Li, Huiqi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0907-4335
Zeng, Rui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-767X
Shi, Zixiao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4414-655X
Wang, Hongsen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7926-2895
Leshchev, Denis
Stavitski, Eli https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3337-2930
Tellez-Cruz, Miriam M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-3134
Xu, Weixuan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6171-4240
Kim, Mi-Ju
Molina Villarino, Andrés https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3272-5156
Li, Qihao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-1999
Muller, David A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4129-0473
Abruña, Héctor D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3948-356X
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC-0019445)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC-0019445)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC-0019445)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC-0019445)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC-0019445)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0012704)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0012704)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC-0019445)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC-0019445)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC-0019445)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC-0019445)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC-0019445)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC-0019445)
National Science Foundation (DMR1719875)
National Science Foundation (DMR1719875)
Article History
Received: 17 April 2024
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.