Zhou, Hao https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3133-8054
Wu, Xiaolei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8270-7621
Srolovitz, David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6038-020X
Zhu, Yuntian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5961-7422
Article History
Received: 4 December 2024
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 13 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.