Zhu, Ting https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8612-9689
Chen, Wen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2048-1107
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (DMR-2004412)
National Science Foundation (DMR-2004429)
National Science Foundation (DMR-2516550)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-18-1-2784)
DOE | National Nuclear Security Administration (DE-NA0004154)
Article History
Received: 1 December 2024
Accepted: 1 December 2025
First Online: 16 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.