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Authors
Kautz, Rylan
Herman, Alon
Heffernan, Ethan J.
Shushan Alshochat, Keren https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6743-3806
Grossman, Eden https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7566-4894
Saxena, Rahul https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8409-0587
Muñetón, Camila
Larson, David
Ager, Joel W. III https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9334-9751
Toma, Francesca M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2332-0798
Ardo, Shane https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-6826
Segev, Gideon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6175-3458
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Article History
Received: 23 September 2023
Accepted: 22 January 2026
First Online: 13 March 2026
Competing interests
: G.S., J.W.A., F.M.T. and S.A. filed patent applications US 16/907,076 and US 17/125,341 for ratchet-based ion pumping membrane systems. The other authors declare no competing interests.
