Choe, Jeongheon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9272-1133
Handa, Taketo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9171-5364
Huang, Chun-Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6757-113X
Liston, André Koch https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-4899
Cox, Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4266-0990
Stensberg, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7605-3553
Hong, Yongseok https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8095-3148
Chica, Daniel G.
Xu, Ding https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6667-0553
Tay, Fuyang
Husremovic, Samra
da Silveira Lanza Avelar, Vinicius https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0647-6647
Arsenault, Eric A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5363-3229
Zhang, Zhuquan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9569-9800
McIver, James https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-5031
Basov, Dmitri N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9785-5387
Delor, Milan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-9235
Roy, Xavier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8850-0725
Zhu, X.-Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2090-8484
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF-23-1-0056)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF-23-1-0056)
National Science Foundation (DMR-2011738)
National Science Foundation (DMR-2115625)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-22-1-0389)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0024343)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0019443)
Simons Foundation (965526)
Simons Foundation (SFI-MPS-SFJ-00006092)
Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing, National Science Foundation (CHE-2203844)
Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Accepted: 31 March 2026
First Online: 4 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.