Ji, Guiping https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9835-7625
Zheng, Yi https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6948-4334
Zhang, Yuejie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6970-129X
Liang, Yuhan
Wei, Renhuai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6090-9561
Zhou, Hang
Jiang, Yuanyuan
Zhang, Yang
Lin, Hao
Bai, Hao
Song, Qi
Li, Xiaojiang
Hazra, Sankalpa
Chen, Aitian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3535-9470
Xiao, Cancheng
Jiang, Dingsong
Li, Chao https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7032-3094
Huang, Zewei
Du, Yifeng
SkowroĊski, Witold https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4568-2688
Guo, Jinming https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2556-709X
Li, Peng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8491-0199
Zhang, Xixiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3478-6414
Tang, Jianshi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-0067
Gopalan, Venkatraman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6866-3677
Schlom, Darrell G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2493-6113
Yang, Luyi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6260-1395
Jiang, Wanjun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0918-3862
Zhu, Xuebin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9484-8253
Lin, Yuan-Hua https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-6701
Yi, Di https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-1947
Yu, Pu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5513-7632
Shao, Dingfu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-4131
Ralph, Daniel C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-0335
Yu, Rong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1687-3597
Nan, Tianxiang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2029
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52250418)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12274410)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12361141826)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12421004)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12074212)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52250418)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52025024)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52025024)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52250418)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0026002)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC 0012375)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC 0012375)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC 0012375)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0026002)
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF3850)
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF9073)
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF3850)
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF9073)
Narodowe Centrum Nauki (2021/40/Q/ST5/00209)
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (Z240006)
National Science Foundation (DMR-2104268)
Article History
Received: 12 March 2026
Accepted: 18 May 2026
First Online: 12 June 2026
Competing interests
: T.N. and Yuejie Zhang are inventors on CN patent CN116847719B and US patent application US20250062060A1. The other authors declare no competing interests.