Richardson, Miles https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3004-1084
Zhao, Shijie
Lin, Liyuan
Sheth, Ravi U.
Qu, Yiming
Lee, Jeongchan
Moody, Thomas
Ricaurte, Deirdre
Huang, Yiming https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1932-2803
Velez-Cortes, Florencia
Urtecho, Guillaume
Wang, Harris H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2164-4318
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (MCB-2025515, DGE-1644869, DGE-1644869, DGE-1644869)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (2R01AI132403, 1R01DK118044, 1R01EB031935, 1R21AI146817)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | ONR | Office of Naval Research Global (N00014-18-1-2237)
Burroughs Wellcome Fund (1016691)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (HR0011-23-2-0001)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF-22-2-0210)
Irma T. Hirschl Trust
Hertz Foundation
Article History
Received: 6 September 2023
Accepted: 12 December 2024
First Online: 3 February 2025
Change Date: 11 February 2025
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-025-01951-7
Competing interests
: H.H.W. is a scientific advisor of SNIPR Biome, Kingdom Supercultures, Fitbiomics, VecX Biomedicines, Genus PLC, and a scientific co-founder of Aclid and Foli Bio, all of which are not involved in the study. R.U.S. is a co-founder of Kingdom Supercultures. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.