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Freeman, Gray
Creanga, Adrian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3087-8397
Vukovich, Matthew J.
Malla, Tek
Mantus, Grace E.
Shimberg, Geoffrey D.
Gillespie, Rebecca A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5741-3699
Guerra Canedo, Vanessa
Dadonaite, Bernadeta https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0908-6982
Rodgers, Megan D.
Chopde, Ankita J. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6998-0245
Bardwil-Lugones, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-2815
Bylund, Tatsiana
Henry, Amy R.
Roberts-Torres, Jesmine
Johnston, Timothy S.
Smith, Sarah https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8891-0691
Yang, Eun Sung
Cheng, Cheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3837-9293
Walker, Emma L.
Ravichandran, Michelle https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9600-0551
Gordon, Ingelise J.
Dittakavi, Tejaswi S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7259-1386
Reed, Douglas S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0076-9023
Pierson, Theodore C.
Dropulic, Lesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1125-5597
Bloom, Jesse D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1267-3408
Tsybovsky, Yaroslav https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2159-5248
Boritz, Eli A.
Douek, Daniel C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5575-8634
Zhou, Tongqing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3935-4637
Kanekiyo, Masaru https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5767-1532
Andrews, Sarah F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-1949
Article History
Received: 17 June 2025
Accepted: 29 August 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Competing interests
: A.A.A.-S., G.F., G.E.M., M.K. and S.F.A. are listed as inventors on patent application US 63/781,226 based on the study presented in this paper, which has been filed by the US Department of Health and Human Services. J.D.B. and B.D. are inventors on Fred Hutch licensed patents related to viral deep mutational scanning. J.D.B. consults for Invivyd, Apriori Bio, GSK and Pfizer. The other authors declare no competing interests.