Guo, Wangbiao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5398-4910
Zhang, Sarah
Park, Jin Hwan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8384-7909
Stanton, Venus
Asp, Merrill https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3812-2276
Herrera, Helen
Tai, Jung-Shen Benny
Yue, Jian
Wang, Jiaqi
Guo, Jiaqi
Kumar, Rajeev
Botting, Jack M. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7304-3936
Wu, Shenping
Yan, Jing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-0348
Klose, Karl E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-1407
Yildiz, Fitnat H.
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI189907)
Article History
Received: 24 April 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.