Yang, Shaobo https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5257-6775
Wang, Zongqi
Fang, Chengyuan
Yang, Mengdi
Khawaled, Saleh
Bonanno, Shanna
Joshi, Neel S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-3566
Wei, Yun
Zhang, Ke
Márquez-Pellegrin, Valeria
Guan, Ming
Zhang, Songqi
Bader, Anna Clara
Ye, Ningyuan
Haley, Amber E.
Dame, Michael K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3760-1654
Spence, Jason R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7869-3992
He, Xuesong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-9188
Fox, James G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9307-6116
Yilmaz, Ömer H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-4612
Shah, Yatrik M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2487-4816
Romee, Rizwan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-4736
Li, Jiahe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9889-8546
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | Army Medical Command | Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (W81XWH-21-1-0324)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (DP2GM154019-01)
Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute (R01CA299955)
Article History
Received: 16 January 2025
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Change Date: 23 December 2025
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-025-02249-4
Competing interests
: R.R. has a sponsored research agreement with CRISPR Therapeutics and Skyline Therapeutics and serves on the scientific advisory board of Glycostem Therapeutics. R.R. is a co-founder of InnDura Therapeutics. J.L. received sponsored research agreements from Eco Animal Health and Ningbo Menovo Pharmaceutical Co. The University of Michigan has filed a provisional patent related to this study. The other authors declare no competing interests.