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Authors
Hsu, Cynthia L.
Shukla, Shikha
Freund, Linton
Chou, Annie C.
Yang, Yongqiang
Bruellman, Ryan
Raya Tonetti, Fernanda
Cabré, Noemí
Mayo, Susan
Lim, Hyun Gyu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0469-2388
Magallan, Valeria
Cordell, Barbara J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3698-9872
Lang, Sonja
Demir, Münevver
Stärkel, Peter
Llorente, Cristina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-9186
Palsson, Bernhard O. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2357-6785
Mandyam, Chitra
Boland, Brigid S.
Hohmann, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4886-3131
Schnabl, Bernd https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-825X
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Article History
Received: 24 April 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Competing interests
: B.S. has been consulting for Ambys Medicines, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ferring Research Institute, Gelesis, HOST Therabiomics, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Mabwell Therapeutics, Patara Pharma, Surrozen and Takeda. The institution of B.S., UCSD, has received research support from Axial Biotherapeutics, BiomX, CymaBay Therapeutics, Intercept, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Prodigy Biotech and Synlogic Operating Company. B.S. is founder of Nterica Bio. E.H. has received research support from Seres Therapeutics and MicrobiomeX/Tend. B.S.B. has received research support from Mirador, Gilead and Merck and has been consulting for Abbvie, Merck and Celltrion. The other authors declare no competing interests.
