Walker, Matt W. G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3345-8248
Richard, Egill https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9776-6197
Wiegand, Tanner https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0528-268X
Wang, Jing
Yang, Zaofeng
Casas-Ciniglio, Americo A.
Hoffmann, Florian T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0301-4259
Shahnawaz, Hamna
Gaudet, Ryan G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8496-3653
Arpaia, Nicholas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0657-0528
Fernández, Israel S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-1603
Sternberg, Samuel H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8240-9114
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (CAREER 2239685)
National Science Foundation (DGE-2036197)
Pew Charitable Trusts
Irma T. Hirschl Trust
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Columbia University
Simons Foundation (SF349247)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U24GM129539)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (DP2AI177904)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01CA259634)
Kinship Foundation
Spain Ministry of Science Innovation and Universities Grant
Article History
Received: 10 July 2025
Accepted: 10 April 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Competing interests
: M.W.G.W. is a co-founder of Can9 Bioengineering. S.H.S. is a co-founder and scientific advisor to Dahlia Biosciences, a scientific advisor to CrisprBits and Prime Medicine, and an equity holder in Dahlia Biosciences and CrisprBits. A patent application has been filed related to this work (PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US24/40027). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.