Qiu, Chang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5462-7157
Sellers, Chase
Wu, Zhen-Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9198-003X
Cullen, David A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2593-7866
Stavitski, Eli https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3337-2930
Tayal, Akhil
Wi, Tae-Ung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-825X
Kodali, Mounika
Erb, Bryan
Smeltz, Andrew
Chen, Feng-Yang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3113-383X
Feng, Yuge https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0093-6717
Yu, Zhou
Elgazzar, Ahmad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1453-4938
Terlier, Tanguy
Senftle, Thomas P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5889-5009
Wang, Haotian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3552-8978
Funding for this research was provided by:
Welch Foundation (C-2051-20230405, C-2051-20230405, C-2051-20230405, C-2051-20230405, C-2051-20230405, C-2051-20230405, C-2051-20230405)
David and Lucile Packard Foundation (2020-71371, 2020-71371, 2020-71371, 2020-71371, 2020-71371, 2020-71371, 2020-71371)
National Science Foundation
Article History
Received: 17 November 2024
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Competing interests
: C.Q., Z.-Y.W. and H.W. are the inventors listed on a US patent application based on this study by Rice University. The other authors declare no competing interests.