Ren, Aobo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5133-2775
Wang, Hao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8976-1468
Dai, Linjie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3041
Xia, Junfei
Bai, Xinyu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0910-758X
Butler-Caddle, Edward https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2904-3525
Smith, Joel A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6889-4408
Lai, Huagui
Ye, Junzhi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8919-9236
Li, Xiang
Zhan, Shijie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-6072
Yao, Chunhui
Li, Zewei
Tang, Mingchu
Liu, Xueping https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7978-5028
Bi, Jinxin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3682-0655
Li, Bowei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8647-4068
Kai, Shen
Chen, Rui
Yan, Han
Hong, Jintao
Yuan, Liming
Marko, Igor P.
Wonfor, Adrian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2219-7900
Fu, Fan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3647-4086
Hindmarsh, Steven A.
Sanchez, Ana M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8230-6059
Lloyd-Hughes, James https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9680-0138
Sweeney, Stephen J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8561-6071
Rao, Akshay https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4261-0766
Greenham, Neil C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2155-2432
Wu, Jiang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0679-6196
Li, Yanrong
Cheng, Qixiang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8671-2102
Friend, Richard H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6565-6308
Penty, Richard V.
White, Ian H.
Snaith, Henry J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8511-790X
Zhang, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2678-8372
Funding for this research was provided by:
RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/R043272/1)
Newton Fund (192097)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (61901268, 52202165)
Article History
Received: 18 November 2022
Accepted: 25 May 2023
First Online: 20 July 2023
Competing interests
: H.J.S. is a co-founder of Oxford PV, which is commercializing perovskite-based photovoltaics. H.J.S. and R.H.F. are co-founders of Helio Display Materials, which is commercializing perovskite materials for light-emitting applications. The other authors declare no competing interests.