Li, Manya https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2700-0352
Gao, Han
Li, Ludong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-1985
Wang, Enzuo
Liu, Zhou
Cheong, I Teng
Wu, Pu
Zhang, Yuhong
Wang, Yurui
Zheng, Xuntian
Yin, Mengran
Lin, Renxing
Liu, Runnan
Luo, Haowen
Xiao, Ke
Kong, Wenchi
Sun, Wenjie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-3907
Nie, Yuefeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9948-9904
Luo, Xin
Saidaminov, Makhsud I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3850-666X
Li, Yongxi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-9698
Tan, Hairen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0821-476X
Article History
Received: 29 October 2024
Accepted: 22 July 2025
First Online: 22 August 2025
Competing interests
: H.T. is the founder, chief scientific officer, and chairman of Renshine Solar Co., Ltd., a company that is commercializing perovskite PVs. The other authors declare no competing interests.