Sekine, Ryoto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-8581
Gray, Robert M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5980-8774
Ledezma, Luis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0365-1672
Zhou, Selina
Guo, Qiushi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6217-102X
Marandi, Alireza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0470-0050
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF-23-1-0048)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (D23AP00158)
National Science Foundation (1846273, 2408297, 1918549)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-23-1-0755)
Article History
Received: 29 July 2024
Accepted: 31 July 2025
First Online: 12 September 2025
Competing interests
: L.L. and A.M. are inventors on granted US patent 11,226,538 that covers thin-film optical parametric oscillators. R.S., R.M.G., L.L., A. Roy and A.M. are inventors on a US provisional patent application filed by the California Institute of Technology (application number 63/466,188). R.M.G., L.L. and A.M. are inventors on a US provisional patent application filed by the California Institute of Technology (application number 63/434,015) on 20 December 2022. R.S., L.L. and A.M. are involved in developing photonic integrated nonlinear circuits at PINC Technologies Inc. R.S., L.L. and A.M. have an equity interest in PINC Technologies Inc. The other authors declare no competing interests.