Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Springsteen, Joshua D. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2214-675X
Giebink, Noel C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3798-5830
Forrest, Stephen R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-1903
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
DOE | SC | Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0024142)
DOE | SC | Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0024142)
Universal Display Corporation
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 6 August 2025
Accepted: 8 February 2026
First Online: 13 March 2026
Competing interests
: One of the authors (S.R.F.) has an equity interest in Universal Display Corporation (UDC). This conflict of interest is under management by the University of Michigan’s Office of the Vice President for Research. The University of Michigan has a license agreement with UDC. The other authors declare no competing interests.
