Lee, Jongheon
Ren, Huizhong
Liu, Yuzhou G. N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0548-545X
Yessenov, Murat https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-1803
Wei, Yunxuan
Huh, Byungchan https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9320-0090
Vasdekis, Andreas E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4315-1047
Christodoulides, Demetrios N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3630-7234
Abouraddy, Ayman F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4987-5495
Khajavikhan, Mercedeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7091-1470
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-20-1-2789)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-20-1-2789)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-20-1-2789)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-20-1-2789)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-20-1-2789)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-20-1-2789)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0025224)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0025224)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE- SC0022282)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0025224)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE- SC0022282)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0025224)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF-23-1-0312)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF-23-1-0312)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF-23-1-0312)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF-23-1-0312)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF-23-1-0312)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-20-1-0322)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-21-1-0202)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-21-1-0202)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-20-1-0322)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-21-1-0202)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-20-1-0322)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-21-1-0202)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-20-1-0322)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-21-1-0202)
W. M. Keck Foundation
Simons Foundation (733682)
Simons Foundation (733682)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Research Laboratory (FA8651-18-2-0019)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Research Laboratory (FA8651-18-2-0019)
Article History
Received: 5 February 2026
Accepted: 5 August 2026
First Online: 11 September 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.