Kim, Jiwon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0787-2840
Jeong, Hyuntae https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6839-9212
Falcó, Carles https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9832-2697
Hruska, Alex M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2099-3201
Martinson, W. Duncan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3590-606X
Marzoratti, Alejandro
Araiza, Mauricio https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7450-7144
Yang, Haiqian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1068-5555
Fonseca, Vera C. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4952-387X
Adam, Stephen A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3444-7655
Franck, Christian
Carrillo, José A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8819-4660
Guo, Ming https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-4158
Wong, Ian Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-2548
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM140108)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM140108)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM140108)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM140108)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM140108)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM140108)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM140108)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM140108)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF2310385)
"la Caixa" Foundation (100010434)
RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/R014604/1)
RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/R014604/1)
RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/R014604/1)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N000142212828)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N000142212828)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Article History
Received: 12 February 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 26 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.