Han, Zhongdong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3296-5563
Xia, Yiyu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-7318
Xia, Zhengchao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3339-8575
Zhao, Wenjin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0016-5684
Zhang, Yichi
Watanabe, Kenji https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119
Taniguchi, Takashi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105
Shan, Jie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1270-9386
Mak, Kin Fai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-199X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF11563)
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF11563)
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF11563)
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF11563)
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF11563)
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF11563)
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF11563)
National Science Foundation (NNCI-2025233)
National Science Foundation (NNCI-2025233)
National Science Foundation (NNCI-2025233)
National Science Foundation (NNCI-2025233)
National Science Foundation (NNCI-2025233)
National Science Foundation (NNCI-2025233)
National Science Foundation (NNCI-2025233)
David and Lucile Packard Foundation
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-20-1-0219)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-20-1-0219)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-20-1-0219)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-20-1-0219)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-20-1-0219)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-20-1-0219)
the Elemental Strategy Initiative of MEXT, Japan, and CREST (JPMJCR15F3), JST
Article History
Received: 11 May 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.