Xiong, Richen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1332-654X
Guo, Yi
Qin, Chenxin https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9547-0844
Wang, Taige https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7227-915X
Yin, Fanzhao
Brantly, Samuel L.
Choi, Youngjoon
Qi, Junhang
Zhou, Jinfei
Zhang, Zihan https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7760-7393
Erdi, Melike https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5314-2976
Watanabe, Kenji https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119
Taniguchi, Takashi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105
Zhang, Shu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-8566
Tongay, Seth Ariel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8294-984X
Young, Andrea F.
Fu, Liang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8803-1017
Jin, Chenhao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5965-7475
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0026348)
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE-SC0020653)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0020043)
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (FG-2024-21892)
National Science Foundation (DMR-2337606)
National Science Foundation (DMR-1906325)
National Science Foundation (DMR-1906325)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23H02052)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21H05233)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23H02052)
Applied Materials
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF9471)
Article History
Received: 27 July 2025
Accepted: 2 April 2026
First Online: 7 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.