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Article History

Accepted: 25 April 2024

First Online: 17 June 2024

Competing Interests

: R.M.Z. is an inventor on patent applications (WO/2019/178650A1 and PCT/AU2023/051218) related to ICT treatment combinations. V.A. receives research funding to Johns Hopkins University from AstraZeneca and Personal Genome Diagnostics, has received research funding to Johns Hopkins University from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Delfi Diagnostics in the past 5 years, is an advisory board member for AstraZeneca and Neogenomics and receives honoraria from Foundation Medicine and Personal Genome Diagnostics. V.A. is an inventor on patent applications (63/276,525, 17/779,936, 16/312,152, 16/341,862, 17/047,006 and 17/598,690) submitted by Johns Hopkins University related to cancer genomic analyses, ctDNA therapeutic response monitoring and immunogenomic features of response to immunotherapy that have been licensed to one or more entities. Under the terms of these license agreements, the university and inventors are entitled to fees and royalty distributions. I.P.S. had travel support by BMS and MSD, speaker fee by Pierre Fabre, Roche, BMS and MSD and has served as consultant on advisory boards from MSD. G.V.L. is consultant adviser for Agenus, Amgen, Array Biopharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BioNTech, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Evaxion, Hexal AG (Sandoz Company), Highlight Therapeutics S.L., IOBiotech, Immunocore, Innovent Biologics USA, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Novartis, PHMR Ltd, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron, Scancell and SkylineDX B.V. W.J.L. is consultant adviser for Douglas Pharmaceuticals, has received research funding from Douglas Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca and Axelia Oncology. W.J.L. is a founder and director of Setonix Pharmaceuticals and is inventor on patent applications (WO/2016/015095, WO/2019/178650A1 and PCT/AU2023/051218) related to ICT treatment combinations.