Eckardt, Jan-Niklas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3649-2823
Hahn, Waldemar
Prelaj, Arsela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3863-088X
Bornhäuser, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5916-3029
Middeke, Jan Moritz
Kather, Jakob Nikolas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3730-5348
Article History
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 20 February 2026
Competing interests
: J.-N.E. declares consulting services for AstraZeneca, Novartis and Janssen. Furthermore, he holds shares in Cancilico, has received an institutional research grant by Novartis and has received honoraria by Amgen, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Novartis and Pfizer. A.P. declares consulting/advisory roles for BMS, AstraZeneca, Novartis, MSD, Lilly, Amgen, Pfizer, Jonsson & Jonsson; travel, accommodations or other expenses paid or reimbursed by Roche and Jonsson & Jonsson; principal investigator of Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, BMS, Bayer, MSD and Lilly outside the submitted work. M.B. declares consulting services for Jazz, MSD and ActiTrexx. J.M.M declares consulting services for Janssen, Roche, Gilead, Abbvie, Jazz, Pfizer, Astellas, Novartis, AstraZeneca and Clycostem. Furthermore, he holds shares in Cancilico and Synagen, has received institutional research grants by Janssen, Jazz and Novartis and has received honoraria by Novartis, Roche, Janssen, Abbvie, Pfizer, Sanofi, Astellas and Beigene. J.N.K. declares consulting services for Bioptimus, France; Panakeia, UK; AstraZeneca, UK; and MultiplexDx, Slovakia. Furthermore, he holds shares in StratifAI, Germany, Synagen, Germany, Ignition Lab, Germany; has received an institutional research grant by GSK; and has received honoraria by AstraZeneca, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Janssen, Merck, MSD, BMS, Roche, Pfizer and Fresenius. W.H. declares no competing interests.