Document is current

Article History

First Online: 12 January 2026

Competing interests

: G.F.R. reports consultancy for Boehringer Ingelheim and an educational grant from Anthos, outside the submitted work; no fees were directly received personally. M.P. reports small speaker’s fees from Bristol Myers Squibb/Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer, consulting activities for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, and a role as the Italian national principal investigator of the AFFIRMO project on multimorbidity in atrial fibrillation, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 899871.