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Article History

Accepted: 12 November 2024

First Online: 9 December 2024

Competing interests

: S.A.G. has been a paid consultant for Plus Therapeutics. A.S. has been a paid consultant for Abbvie, BrainLAB, Elekta AB, Merck, Roche and Varian; has received honoraria for past educational seminars from Accuray, AstraZeneca, BrainLAB, Elekta AB, Seagen and Varian; has received research grants from BrainLAB, Elekta AB and Seagen; has received support for travel accommodation/expenses from BrainLAB, Elekta AB and Varian; belongs to the Elekta MR Linac Research Consortium; and is a Clinical Steering Committee Member and chairs the Elekta Oligometastases Group and the Elekta Gamma Knife Icon Group. E.L.R. has received research grants from Bristol Myers Squibb and honoraria for lectures or as an advisory board member from Bayer, Janssen, Leo Pharma, Pierre Fabre, Seattle Genetics and Servier. M.W. has received research grants from Quercis and Versameb and honoraria for lectures, advisory board membership and/or a paid consultancy for Bayer, Curevac, Medac, Merck, Novartis, Novocure, Orbus, Philogen, Roche and Sandoz. T.W. has received research grants from Philogen and honoraria for lectures, advisory board membership and consultancy from Philogen. T.T.B. has received grants from ONO pharmaceuticals through their institution and receives royalties from Oxford University Press and UpToDate, Inc. P.Y.W. has received research grants from AstraZeneca, Black Diamond, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Chimerix, Eli Lilly, Erasca, Genentech/Roche, Kazia, MediciNova, Merck, Novartis, Nuvation Bio, Servier, Vascular Biogenics, and VBI Vaccines and has been a paid consultant/advisory board member for AstraZeneca, Bayer, Black Diamond, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Pharmaceuticals, Celularity, Chimerix, Day One Bio, Genenta, Glaxo Smith Kline, Karyopharm, Merck, Mundipharma, Novartis, Novocure, Nuvation Bio, Prelude Therapeutics, Sapience, Servier, Sagimet, Vascular Biogenics and VBI Vaccines. D.A.H.-K. has had leadership roles in EmpNia, Graegis Pharmaceuticals and TeleRad Oncology; received honoraria from Cincinnati Children’s Hospital DSMC, Defense Finance Service Agent DHHS, General Dynamic Information Tech, and Inc Reviewer; has had consulting or advisory roles at Gerson Lehrman Group and Guidepoint Global; received research funding from Artios; and provided expert testimony to Bendin, Bowman and Brooke, Sumrall and Ladner, and The EMMES Company. M.K. reports grants or contracts from AbbVie, BioNTech, BMS, CNS Pharmaceuticals, Daiichi Sankyo, Immorna Therapeutics, Immvira Therapeutics, JAX lab for genomic research, and Personalis; received consulting fees from AnHeart Therapeutics, Berg Pharma, George Clinical, Menarini Stemline and Servier; received honoraria from GSK; and is on a data safety monitoring board for BPG Bio. R.R. has been an advisory board member and/or received research grants from Bayer, Curevac, Novocure and Servier. C.B. has been a paid consultant for Bionaut Labs, Depuy-Synthes, Haystack Oncology, and Privo Technologies and is a co-founder of Belay Diagnostics and OrisDx. G.F.W. has received grants from Focused Ultrasound Foundation and clinical trial support from Insightec. R.S. has been an advisory board member and/or received research grants from Medacc, Seagen and Servier. P.V. has been a paid consultant for and owns stock in Need Inc.; has received honoraria for lectures from Bayer; and has been an advisory board member for Cercare Medical. V.S. reports grants and/or contracts from AbbVie, AgenSys, Alfa‐Sigma, Altulm, Amgen, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Berghealth, Blueprint Medicines, Boston Biomedical, Boston Pharmaceuticals, Celgene Corporation, Dragonfly Therapeutics, Exelixis, F. Hoffmann‐La Roche AG, FUJIFILM Medical Systems USA, Genentech USA, GlaxoSmithKline, Idera Pharma, Incyte Corporation, Inhibrx, LOXO Oncology, MedImmune, Multivir, Nanocarrier, the National Cancer Institute, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Novartis Pharma, OncLive, Oncusp, PERS, Pfizer, PharmaMar, Relay Therapeutics and Takeda Oncology; personal and/or consulting fees from AbbVie, Bayer HealthCare, Pharmaceuticals, F. Hoffmann‐La Roche AG, Illumina, Incyte Corporation, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, LabCorp, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Relay Therapeutics; support for other professional activities from Aadi Biosciences, Clinical Care Communications, Illumina, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Med Learning Group, Medscape, and Phenon Therapeutics; and travel support from ASCO, ESMO, Helsinn Healthcare, and Incyte Corporation outside the submitted work. M.S.A. has received grants from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Incyte, Pharmacyclics, Merck, MimiVax and Novocure; has been a paid consultant for Anheart Therapeutics, Apollomics, Bayer, Cairn Therapeutics, Caris Lifesciences, Cellularity, GSK, Insightec, Janssen, Kiyatec, Novocure, Nuvation, Prelude, Pyramid Biosciences, SDP Oncology, Theraguix, Tocagen, Varian Medical Systems, Viewray, Voyager Therapeutics and Xoft; is a scientific advisory board member for Cairn Therapeutics, Modifi Biosciences and Pyramid Biosciences; and is a stock shareholder in Cytodyn, MedInnovate Advisors and MimiVax. A.O., H.W., D.B., N.M., M.G., L.C.P. and A.M. declare no competing interests.