Ambrosini, Margherita https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4131-2409
Manca, Paolo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3813-6339
Nasca, Vincenzo
Sciortino, Carolina
Ghelardi, Filippo
Seligmann, Jenny F.
Taieb, Julien https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-4753
Pietrantonio, Filippo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8530-8420
Article History
Accepted: 10 March 2025
First Online: 3 April 2025
Competing interests
: J.F.S. has received honoraria for consultancy and/or advisory roles from Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Merck Serono, Pierre Fabre, Seagen, Servier and Takeda; speaker’s fees from GSK, Merck Serono, Pierre Fabre, Servier and Takeda; research funding from Amgen, GSK, Pierre Fabre and Merck Serono; travel grants from Takeda; and fees for provision of continuing medical education from GI Connect and OncLive. J.T. has received speaker’s honoraria from Amgen, Astellas, BMS, Merk, Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) and Novartis; has participated on advisory boards for Amgen, BMS, Merck, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Rottapharm, Sanofi, Servier and Takeda; has provided expert testimony for Takeda; and has participated on steering committees of clinical trial for Novartis. F.P. has received institutional research funding from Agenus, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Incyte, Lilly and Rottapharm; speaker’s honoraria from Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BeiGene, BMS, Daiichi-Sankyo, Ipsen, Johnson & Johnson, Merck Serono, MSD, Pierre Fabre, Seagen, Servier and Takeda; fees for advisory or consultancy roles from Agenus, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BeiGene, BMS, Daiichi-Sankyo, Gilead, GSK, Italfarmaco, Incyte, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, Merck-Serono, MSD, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Rottapharm, Servier and Takeda. The other authors declare no competing interests.