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Article History

Accepted: 5 June 2025

First Online: 7 July 2025

Change Date: 19 August 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: In the version of this article initially published, Mario Boccadoro (University of Torino, Turin, Italy) was listed with an incorrect second affiliation, which is now removed in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Competing interests

: M.A.D. has received honoraria as a consultant, or member of the advisory board or speaker’s bureau for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Beigene, BMS, GSK, Janssen, Menarini, Regeneron, Sanofi, Swixx and Takeda. E.T. has been a member of the advisory board for Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, EUSA Pharma, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Menarini, Pfizer, Sanofi and Takeda; has received honoraria from Amgen, Antengene, AstraZeneca, BMS, EUSA Pharma, Forus, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Menarini, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Swixx and Takeda; research funding from Amgen, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi and Takeda; and travel expenses from Takeda. M.Bo. has received honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Novartis and Sanofi; has been a member of the advisory board for GSK and Janssen; and has received research funding from Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Mundipharma, Novartis and Sanofi. P.M. has received honoraria as a member of the advisory board for Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Sanofi and Takeda. M.-V.M. has received honoraria as a member of the advisory board for Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Kite, Menarini, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Roche and Sanofi. S.Z. has received research support from Janssen and Takeda; and has been a member of the advisory board for BMS, Janssen, Sanofi and Oncopeptides, for which she received no personal funding. G.C. has received research funding from BMS, Johnson & Johnson and Takeda, BMS; acted as a paid consultant for AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Menarini and Pfizer; and acted as a member of the speaker’s bureau for Johnson & Johnson, Menarini and Pfizer. M.E. has been a member of the advisory board for BMS, GSK, Janssen, Menarini, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Sanofi; and received honoraria from Abbvie, BMS, GSK, Janssen, Menarini, Oncopeptides, Pfizer and Sanofi. M.D. has received honoraria as a member of the advisory board or speaker’s bureau for AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Menarini, Pfizer, Roche and Sanofi; and works for an institution that receives grants from Johnson & Johnson. R.H. has been a consultant or member of the advisory board for Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Novartis, PharmaMar and Takeda; has received honoraria from Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, PharmaMar and Takeda; and has received research funding from Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Novartis and Takeda. F.S. has been a consultant for AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Oncopeptides, Sanofi and Takeda; has received honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Daiichi–Sankyo, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Oncopeptides, Sanofi, Schain, SkylineDx, Skylite and Takeda; and has received research funding from Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Oncopeptides, Sanofi and Targovax. F.G. has been a member of the advisory board for Abbvie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Janssen, Kite, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche Pharma, Sanofi and Takeda; and has received honoraria from Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Menarini, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi and Takeda. S.M. has been a consultant for Abbvie, Adaptive Biotechnology, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Janssen, Kite, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi and Takeda. K.C.W. has had an advisory role or provided expert testimony for Abbvie, Adaptive, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Beigene, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Janssen, Karyopharm, Menarini, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi and Takeda; has received honoraria from Abbvie, Adaptive, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Beigene, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Janssen, Karyopharm, Menarini, Novartis, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi and Takeda; and has received research funding from Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Janssen and Sanofi. M.K. has had an advisory role or provided expert testimony for Abbvie, Adaptive, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Janssen, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi and Takeda; and works for an institution that has received research support from BMS, Celgene and Janssen. N.W.C.J.v.d.D. has received research support from Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Cellectis, Janssen and Novartis; and has been a member of the advisory board for AbbVie, Adaptive, Amgen, Bayer, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Kite, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Servier and Takeda; all these roles have been paid to his institution. E.Z. has received honoraria as a member of the advisory board for Amgen, BMS, GSK, Janssen, Menarini, Pfizer, Oncopeptides and Sanofi. P.R.-O. has received honoraria as a member of the advisory board participation or as a consultant for Abbvie, AstraZeneca, BMS, GSK, H3Biomedicine, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche and Sanofi; has been a member of the speaker’s bureau for Abbvie, BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer and Sanofi; and has received travel grants from Pfizer. A.P. has received honoraria as a member of the advisory board for Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Menarini, Pfizer and Sanofi. C.D. has received honoraria for advisory roles for Amgen, BMS, GSK, Janssen, Pfizer and Sanofi. J.B. has had an advisory role or provided expert testimony for Amgen, Amicus, Galenika, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer and Takeda; and has received honoraria from Amgen, Amicus, Galenika, Hemofarm, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer and Takeda. D.D. has received honoraria from Amgen, BMS, GSK, Janssen, Pfizer and Sanofi; and research funding from Amgen, Celgene and Janssen. C.T. has received honoraria from Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, GSK, Janssen, Pfizer and Sanofi; and research support from Abbvie, GSK, Sanofi and Takeda. M.Be. has been a member of the advisory board for BMS, GSK, Janssen, Menarini, Pfizer, Sanofi and Takeda; a member of the speaker’s bureau for BMS, GSK, Menarini, Pfizer, Sanofi and Takeda; and has received research support from Janssen. M.S.R. has had an advisory role for Abbvie, BMS, GSK, Janssen, Karyopharm, Menarini, Oncopeptides, Pfizer and Sanofi; has received honoraria from Abbvie, BMS, GSK, Janssen, Karyopharm, Menarini, Novartis, Oncopeptides, Pfizer and Sanofi; and has received research funding from BMS, Celgene, Janssen and Sanofi. M.C. has been a consultant or had an advisory role for AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Janssen, Karyopharm, Menarini and Sanofi; and has received honoraria from Amgen, AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Karyopharm, Janssen, Menarini and Sanofi. M.M. has been a consultant or had an advisory role for Janssen, Jazz and Sanofi; has received grants or research support from Janssen and Sanofi; has been a member of the speaker’s bureau for Janssen, Jazz and Sanofi; and has received honoraria from Amgen, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi and Takeda. A.S. has been a consultant for BMS, Celltrion, Haemalogix, Janssen and Rheumagen; a member of the speaker’s bureau for BMS, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi and Thermofisher; a member of the advisory board for Antengene, BMS, Roche, Haemalogix, Janssen, Pfizer and Sanofi; received honoraria from AbbVie, Antengene, BMS, Roche, Haemalogix, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi and Thermofisher; and received research funding from AbbVie, Antengene, Haemalogix and Janssen. H.L. has been a consultant or a member of the speaker’s bureau for Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi and Takeda; and received research funding from Amgen and Sanofi. H.E. has been a consultant or had advisory roles for Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Sanofi and Takeda; has received research funding from Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Janssen and Sanofi; and honoraria and travel support from Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Sanofi and Takeda. J.S.-M. has been a consultant for Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Roche, GSK, HaemaLogiX, Janssen, KaryoPharm, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, SecuraBio and Takeda. P.S. has been a consultant or had advisory roles for BMS, Celgene, GSK, Janssen and Sanofi; has received research funding from Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Karyopharm and Sanofi; and honoraria from BMS, Celgene, GSK, Janssen and Sanofi. E.L. declares no competing interests.

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