Lambin, Philippe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-0191
Woodruff, Henry C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7911-5123
Mali, Shruti Atul
Zhong, Xian
Kuang, Sheng
Lavrova, Elizaveta https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2751-790X
Khan, Hamza
Lekadir, Karim
Zwanenburg, Alex https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0342-9545
Deasy, Joseph
Bobowicz, Maciej
Marti-Bonmati, Luis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8234-010X
Maidment, Andrew
Dumontier, Michel
Kinahan, Paul E.
Nobel, J. Martijn https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3379-7290
Amirrajab, Sina
Salahuddin, Zohaib https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-329X
Article History
Accepted: 30 July 2025
First Online: 3 September 2025
Competing interests
: P.L. has received grants and sponsored research agreements from Convert Pharmaceuticals SA, LivingMed Biotech srl and Radiomics SA; has received presenter fees and/or reimbursement of travel costs or consultancy fees (all in cash or in kind) from AstraZeneca, BHV srl and Roche; holds or has held minority shares in Bactam srl, Convert Pharmaceuticals SA, Comunicare SA, LivingMed Biotech srl and Radiomics SA; is a co-inventor on two issued patents with royalties on radiomics (PCT/NL2014/050248 and PCT/NL2014/050728) licensed to Radiomics SA, one issued patent on mtDNA (PCT/EP2014/059089) licensed to ptTheragnostic/DNAmito, one granted patent on LSRT (PCT/P126537PC00, US patent no. 12,102,842) licensed to Varian, one issued patent on prodrugs (WO2019EP64112) without royalties, one non-issued, non-licensed patent on deepĀ learningĀ radiomics (N2024889) and three non-patented inventions (software) licensed to Health Innovation Ventures, ptTheragnostic/DNAmito and Radiomics SA. P.L. confirms that none of these disclosures are related to the current manuscript and none of the above entities were involved in the preparation of this Review. H.C.W. owns minority shares in Radiomics SA, and confirms that this entity was not involved in the preparation of this manuscript. All other authors declare no competing interests.