Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 29 October 2025

First Online: 27 November 2025

Competing interests

: L.M.B. is a member of the ANZUP Scientific Advisory Committee (unpaid). L.E. reports research grant support (to institution) from Clarity Pharma and Novartis and consulting fees for lectures or advisory boards from Advancell, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Clarity Pharma, Janssen, Novartis and Telix in the past 5 years. C.J.S. declares roles as principal investigator of the CHAARTED trial, study co-chair of the ENZAMET trial and is a member of the ANZUP Scientific Advisory Committee (unpaid); research funding (to institution) from Astellas, Bayer, Janssen, Pfizer and Sanofi; compensated advisory roles for Astellas, Bayer, Genentech/Roche, Hengrui, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, PointBiopharma and Sanofi; and stock ownership in Leuchemix. C.J.S also holds patents for parthenolide as an anticancer agent, co-authored with H. Nakshatri (WO0145699A1, owned by Indiana University); for use of the drug combination of abiraterone and cabozantinib to treat prostate cancer, co-authors with P. Kantoff (WO 2014/165770 A1 owned by Exelixis); for compositions and methods for screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer with KDM5D biomarker, co-authored with P. Kantoff, G.-S. Mary Lee and K. Komura (WO2017/117486 A1, owned by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute); for compositions and methods for screening and identifying clinically aggressive prostate cancer with SNPs and ZFP36, co-authored with C. Huttenhower, T. Gerke, L. Mucci, G.-S. Mary Lee and D. Bornigen (WO2017127696A, owned by Harvard University and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute). M.A.C. declares no competing interests.