Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 18 November 2025

First Online: 6 January 2026

Competing interests

: P.L.B. reports research funding (to the institution) from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bicara Therapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Genentech/Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, LegoChem, Lilly, Merck, Medicenna, Novartis, Seagen/Pfizer, Takeda and Zymeworks. He also reports uncompensated honoraria/consultancy with Amgen, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Merck, Repare, Seattle Genetics and Zymeworks, and a compensated advisory role for Boehringer Ingelheim. T.I. is a co-founder, member of the advisory board, and has an equity interest in Data4Cure and Serinus Biosciences, is a consultant of and has an equity interest in Ideaya Biosciences, and is a member of the advisory editorial board of The EMBO Journal . The terms of all consultancy and equity arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the University of California, San Diego in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies. B.H.-K. is part of the scientific advisory boards of Break Through Cancer, Commonwealth Cancer Consortium (USA), Consortium de Recherche Biopharmaceutique (CQDM; Quebec, Canada), the Canadian Institute of Health Research — Institute of Genetics, Cancer Grand Challenges (UK) and Chriners Children (Florida, USA), is a co-founder of the MAQC (Massive Analysis and Quality Control) Society and is part of the board of directors of AACR International (Canada) and The American Association for Cancer Research (USA). X.W., J.N., K.N., M.M., P.W., A.S. and T.A. declare no competing interests.