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Authors
Kang, Rui
Liu, Jiao
Wang, Jiayi
Kroemer, Guido https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-4405
Tang, Daolin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-6180
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Article History
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 24 February 2026
Competing interests
: G.K. declares research contracts with Daiichi Sankyo, Eleor, Kaleido Biosciences, Lytix Pharma, PharmaMar, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics, Sanofi, Sutro Biopharma, Tollys and VASCage; serves on the Board of Directors of the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation France, and on scientific advisory boards for Hevolution, Institut Servier, Longevity Vision Funds and Rejuveron Life Sciences/Centenara Labs; is a scientific co-founder of everImmune, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics and Therafast Bio; and is the inventor of patents covering therapeutic targeting of ageing, cancer, cystic fibrosis and metabolic disorders, including one, ‘Methods for weight reduction’ (US11905330B1), relevant to this work. G.K.’s brother, Romano Kroemer, was an employee of Sanofi and now consults for Boehringer-Ingelheim. G.K.’s wife, Laurence Zitvogel, has held research contracts with GSK, Incyte, Lytix Pharma, Kaleido Biosciences, Innovate Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, PiLeJe, Merus, Transgene SA, 9M Life Sciences, Tusk Therapeutic and Roche; was on the Board of Directors of Transgene SA; is a cofounder of everImmune; and holds patents covering the treatment of cancer and the therapeutic manipulation of the microbiota. The other authors declare no competing interests.
