Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Saad, Eddy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8700-9312
Machaalani, Marc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6708-9922
McDermott, David F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2675-5095
Choueiri, Toni K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-3217
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Competing interests
: E.S. reports institutional research funding from EMD Serono, Genentech/Roche and OncoHost. D.F.McD. has served as consultant for Aveo, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cullinan, Eisai, Exelixis, Genentech, Merck, Pfizer and Xilio; and received research funding from Alkermes, Bristol Myers Squibb, Exelixis, Genentech, Merck, Pfizer and X4 Pharma outside the submitted work. T.K.C. reports institutional and/or personal support, paid and/or unpaid, for research, advisory boards, consultancy and/or honoraria, within the past 10 years, ongoing or not, from Alkermes, Aravive, Arcus Biosciences, AstraZeneca, AVEO Oncology, Bayer, Bicycle Therapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Calithera Biosciences, Caris Life Sciences, Circle Pharma, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, Eli Lilly, EMD Serono, Exelixis, GlaxoSmithKline, Gilead Sciences, HiberCell, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Institut Servier, Ipsen, IQVIA, Janssen, Kanaph Therapeutics, Merck, Neomorph, Nikang Therapeutics, Novartis, Nuscan/PrecedeBio, OncoHost, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi/Aventis, Scholar Rock, Surface Oncology, Takeda, Tempest Therapeutics, UpToDate and Xencor outside the submitted work. T.K.C. has also received support related to CME and non-CME educational activities from organizations including Clinical Care Options, Mashup Media, MJH Life Sciences, OncLive and PeerView; is named on filed institutional patents related to molecular alterations and immunotherapy response and toxicity, rare genitourinary cancers, and circulating tumour DNA and liquid biopsy technologies; holds equity in Abalytics, CureResponse, Faron Pharmaceuticals, Osel, Precede Bio, Primium and Tempest Therapeutics; has served on committees for the American Society of Clinical Oncology (Board of Directors from June 2024), European Society for Medical Oncology, KidneyCAN, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network, the US National Cancer Institute Genitourinary Cancers Steering Committee. The Dana–Farber Cancer Institute might have received additional independent funding or royalties from pharmaceutical companies related to research in the subject area of this Review. M.M. declares no competing interests.
