Strang, John
Volkow, Nora D.
Degenhardt, Louisa
Hickman, Matthew
Johnson, Kimberly
Koob, George F.
Marshall, Brandon D. L.
Tyndall, Mark
Walsh, Sharon L.
Article History
Accepted: 20 November 2019
First Online: 9 January 2020
Competing interests
: J.S.’s employer (King’s College London) has received, connected to his work, project grant support and/or honoraria and/or consultancy payments from the UK Department of Health, Public Health England, and the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) as well as research grants from (past 3 years) the UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), the Medical Research Council and the Pilgrim Trust. J.S. has also worked with the EMCDDA, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, US FDA and US National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and WHO as well as with other international government agencies. King’s College London has registered intellectual property on a buccal naloxone with which J.S. is involved, and J.S. has been named in a patent registration by MundiPharma as inventor of a potential concentrated naloxone nasal spray. King’s College London has also received, connected to the work of J.S., research grant support and/or payment of honoraria, consultancy payments, and/or travelling, accommodation and/or conference expenses (past 3 years) from Braeburn, Camurus, Indivior, Molteni Farma and MundiPharma, and has received trial medication supplies from Braeburn and iGen related to medications and technologies potentially applicable in the treatment of addictions and related problems. J.S. has worked with and received grant support from the charity Action on Addiction and with the Pilgrim Trust and is a Patron of DrugFAM. L.D. has received investigator-initiated untied educational grants for studies of opioid medications in Australia from Indivior, MundiPharma and Seqirus. The Australian National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre of the University of New South Wales Sydney is supported by funding from the Australian Government Department of Health under the Drug and Alcohol Program. L.D. is supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Senior Principal Research Fellowship (#1041742, #1135991) and by US National Institutes of Health grant NIDA (R01DA1104470). M.H. has received unrestricted honoraria for presenting at scientific meetings within the past 2 years from Gilead and MSD, and acknowledges support from the NIHR Public Health and Prevention in Evaluation, NIHR School for Public Health Research and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Bristol. In the past year, K.J. has received funding from Johnson, Bassin and Shaw to conduct analysis of Medicare data for assessment of opioid use for a Medicare contractor. She has a subcontract to NIDA (grant no. DA035789) to write a paper on the results of a clinical trial on a mobile app to address substance use disorders. She has consulted several times for AlphaSights on opioid issues for their clients, who cannot be disclosed but are not pharmaceutical companies, pharmacies or other entities currently engaged in the industry. K.J. is the Executive Director of the International Consortium of Universities for Drug Demand Reduction, which is registered as a not-for-profit organization in the USA and is funded by the US Department of State. K.J. declares that, for the period prior, she was employed by the US government. S.L.W.’s employer, University of Kentucky, has received research support related to her work from the Braeburn Pharmaceuticals, US FDA and US NIDA (in the past 3 years). S.L.W. has worked with the FDA, NIDA, NIH and WHO on issues related to substance use disorders and opioid abuse liability; has served as a scientific advisory board member for the Addiction Policy Forum, the NIDA Scientific Advisory Council and Opiant Pharmaceuticals; and has received, connected to her work, research grant support and/or payment of honoraria, consultancy payments and/or travelling, accommodation and/or conference expenses from pharmaceutical/device companies (over the past 3 years) from Brainsway, Braeburn, Camurus, Eli Lilly and Co., Indivior, Neurocrine, Otsuka, Pfizer, Summit Biosciences, Trevi Pharmaceuticals and U.S. World Meds. All other authors declare no competing interests.