Updates are available Correction dated 2025-07-21

Article History

Accepted: 19 December 2024

First Online: 30 January 2025

Change Date: 21 July 2025

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-025-00641-2

Competing interests

: Related to the content of this paper, H.-J.A. received funding from Boehringer Ingelheim and consultancy fees from Novartis, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Vifor, Otsuka, Roche and Eli Lilly. H.-J.A. received payments from the European Renal Association for his role as Editor-in-Chief of Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. H.-J.A. is a member of the Western-European Regional board of the International Society of Nephrology (ISN). Related to the content of this paper, M.N. received research funding from Kyowa-Kirin, Daiichi-Sankyo, Astellas, Ono, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Japan Tobacco, Chugai, Bayer, Torii and Takeda. M.N. received honoraria and advisory fees from Kyowa-Kirin, Astellas, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Daiichi-Sankyo, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Chugai, Torii, Japan Tobacco, Novo Nordisk and Boehringer Ingelheim. M.N. is President of the ISN, President of the Japanese Society of Nephrology, Immediate President of the Asian Pacific Society of Nephrology, President of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine and Vice President of the Japanese Medical Science Federation. A.L. has no conflicts of interest regarding her contribution to this article, although she was the co-chair of the KDIGO Update on Chronic Kidney Disease Evaluation and Management 2024. B.R.-I. and P.R. declare no competing interests. R.A. reports personal fees from Akebia Therapeutics, Inc., Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim, Chinook, Vertex, Alynlam, Intercept, Eloxx and Novartis. R.A. is an associate editor at Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation and American Journal of Nephrology, and acting Editor in Chief of American Journal of Nephrology. He is a section editor of nephrology at UpToDate. J.C.N.C. reports receiving grants (through institutions) and/or honoraria for consultancy or giving lectures from Applied Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Hua Medicine, Powder Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Merck, MSD, Pfizer, Sanofi, Servier, Viatris and Zuellig Therapeutics. She is a co-inventor of patents assigned to the Chinese University of Hong Kong with claims of using genetic and multiomic markers to identify patients at high risk for diabetes and its complications for personalized treatment. She is the co-founder of GemVCare, a technology company, with partial support from the Hong Kong Government, which uses biogenetic markers and information technology to implement precision diabetes care and prevention through partnerships. J.C.N.C. is the Chief Executive Officer (pro bono) of the Asia Diabetes Foundation that developed the web-based JADE platform for implementation of data-driven diabetes care. She is a member of the Global Council of the European Association for Study of Diabetes and a member of the International Diabetes Federation Global Guidelines for type 2 diabetes and member of working groups of KDIGO. R.K. is a member of the African board of the ISN. S.K. is a member of the North American board of the ISN, an adviser to the Middle-East board of the ISN, a member of the education workgroup and the social media team of the ISN, a member of the core program committee of the ISN, and the chair of the young nephrologists committee of the ISN. S.K. is also a member of the clinical nephrology commission of the Société Francophone de Néphrologie Dialyse et Transplantation (SFNDT) and of the webinars committee of the SFNDT. She is also the co-chair of the education committee of the American Society of Onco-nephrology.