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Article History

Accepted: 25 February 2025

First Online: 3 April 2025

Competing interests

: A.T. declares speakers’ honoraria from Merck Sharp & Dohme. R.J.S. declares personal fees from Marengo, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer and Replimune for consulting/advisory board activity, and research grant support to his institution from Merck. C.L. declares conflicts of interest with BMS, Pierre Fabre, Sanofi, Novartis, MSD, Amgen, Merck Serono, Roche, Inflax and Pfizer. S.P. declares research grants from Almirall, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, La Roche Posay Philogen, ISDIN and International School of Derma; consulting fees from Sanofi, Regeneron, ISDIN, L’Oreal, La Roche Posay and International School of Derma; personal fees from Sanofi, Sunpharma, Cantabria, Eucerin, ISDIN, L’Oreal, La Roche Posay, Almirall, Avene and Pierre Fabre; and support for attending meetings and/or travel from Almirall, Cantabria and ISDIN. D.M. declares personal fees from Novartis, Sun Pharma, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Pierre-Fabre Oncology, Sanofi Genzyme, MSD Italia S.r.l., Roche and Skyline Dx B.V, and Sakura; and a grant from Regeneron. D.S. reports personal fees and non-financial support from Roche/Genentech, Merck Serono, Sanofi/Regeneron, SunPharma, Neracare, Replimune, Helsinn, OncoSec and InFlaRx; grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Amgen and Novartis; grants, personal fees, non-financial and other support from BMS; and personal fees from Merck Sharp & Dohme, Immunocore, Incyte, 4SC, Pierre Fabre, Array BioPharma, Pfizer, Philogen, Regeneron, Nektar and Sandoz; outside the submitted work. A.K., D.W. and L.V.v.d.P.-F. declare no competing interests.