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Article History

Accepted: 14 May 2025

First Online: 19 June 2025

Competing interests

: C.S.B. received research grant support to her institution from the Australian National Health and Medical Council and Australian Research Council. C.S.B. has been an adviser to Abbott Pty Ltd, serves on a number of technical advisory groups of The World Health Organisation and is a board member of the International Society for STD Research. M.M.H.-K. is on the scientific advisory board for Freya Biosciences. D.N.F. receives a royalty from BD for intellectual property (Institution: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Inventors: David Fredricks and Tina Fiedler. US patent: US 7,625,704 B2. Status: issued. Aspect of patent related to manuscript: molecular methods for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis). D.N.F. is also an officer in the MetaboliteDx corporation. C.A.M. received research grant support to her institution from NIH/NIAID, Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Gilead Sciences, Inc., BioNTech, and Abbott Molecular. C.A.M. also reports consulting fees from Abbott, BioNTech, bioMerieux and Cepheid; honoraria from Abbott, Roche, Elsevier and the Merck Manuals; and royalties from UpToDate. C.M.M. receives royalties from UpToDate and serves on the Scientific Advisory Boards of Concerto Bio, and Ancilia Biosciences. C.M.M. also has a financial interest in Ancilia Biosciences, a company developing a new class of Live Biotherapeutics and other bacterial products. C.M.M.’s interests were reviewed and are managed by Massachusetts General Hospital and Mass General Brigham in accordance with their conflict-of-interest policies. L.A.V. and E.L.P. declare no competing interests.