Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 6 January 2023

First Online: 15 February 2023

Competing interests

: S.J.R. is a consultant to the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) and several pharmaceutical companies. F.B. is employed at Leuven University and at Sanofi, where he is a stockholder. Most of the work on this manuscript was completed while employed at Merck KGaA. R.H. is an independent consultant to the pharmaceutical industry. P.H. is a stockholder in Pfizer and Merck and works as an adviser to Blackstone, which invests in many pharmaceutical companies. T.I. is an employee of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson and a stockholder. L.L. is an employee of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and has an Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) Assignment with the FDA. She is an expert statistical consultant with the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. G.L. is employed by a startup health-care data company, N-Power Medicine, but performed work on this manuscript as an employee of Genentech. She is a Roche shareholder. J.M. is a Pfizer stockholder and is retired but performed most of his work on this manuscript while employed by PhRMA. R.M. is retired but performed most of his work on this manuscript while employed by PhRMA. He is a board director of KSQ corporation, a privately held biotech company.