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Authors
Bot, Adrian
Scharenberg, Andrew
Friedman, Kevin
Guey, Lin
Hofmeister, Robert
Andorko, James I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5101-9495
Klichinsky, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8935-163X
Neumann, Frank
Shah, Jagesh V.
Swayer, Andrew J.
Trudeau, Kyle
Weissman, Drew https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1501-6510
Stephan, Matthias T.
Buchholz, Christian J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9837-7345
June, Carl H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0241-3557
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Article History
Accepted: 13 August 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Competing interests
: J.I.A. is a paid employee of Interius BioTherapeutics, Inc., holds equity in the company, and is an inventor on patents issued and/or pending related to this work. A.B. is a shareholder and employee of Capstan Therapeutics, a company developing in vivo chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapies, and inventor or co-inventor on multiple relevant patents in the CAR and related fields. C.J.B. is a co-inventor on patents covering T cell-targeted lentiviral vectors. K.F. is a shareholder and member of the Board of Directors of Kelonia Therapeutics, and is also an inventor on patent applications assigned to Kelonia. L.G. is a shareholder and employee of Moderna, and a shareholder of Tessera. A.S. is a shareholder and employee of Umoja Therapeutics, a company developing in vivo CAR therapies. R.H. is a shareholder and employee of Myeloid Therapeutics, a company developing in vivo CAR therapies. C.H.J. is an inventor of multiple CAR patents and shareholder of several companies developing CAR products. M.K. is a founder, employee and shareholder of Carisma Therapeutics; a founder, shareholder and board director of Chymal Therapeutics; and an inventor of multiple patents related to CAR macrophages and monocytes (CAR-M) that have been licensed by Carisma Therapeutics. F.N. is a shareholder and employee of Orna Therapeutics, a company developing in vivo CAR therapies. A.J.S. is a shareholder and current employee of Sanofi. J.V.S. is an employee and shareholder in Mirai Bio, and a consultant and shareholder in Sana Biotechnology. M.T.S. is co-founder of and has received stock options from Persistence Therapeutics (Jupiter Bioventures); and has IP Licensing with Sanofi, Juno Therapeutics (now Bristol Myers Squibb) and Jupiter Bioventures. K.T. is a shareholder and employee of Sana Therapeutics, a company developing in vivo CAR and cell gene therapies. D.W. has filed patent applications based on some aspects of this work; those interests were fully disclosed to the University of Pennsylvania, with an approved plan in place for managing any potential conflicts arising from licensing of these patents.
