Guess, Nicola
Johnson, James D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7523-9433
Vaag, Allan
Tahrani, Abd A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9037-1937
Corkey, Barbara
Bruin, Jennifer E.
Little, Jon P.
Article History
Accepted: 19 February 2026
First Online: 9 March 2026
Competing interests
: N.G. has previously consulted for Heartland Food Products Group, who make the artificial sweetener sucralose. J.D.J. is a paid consultant for Abcellera, a Vancouver-based biotech, on an unrelated project. At the time of writing the manuscript, A.A.T. was an employee and shareholder of Novo Nordisk. Novo Nordisk had no role in the writing of the manuscript. J.P.L. holds founders shares in Metabolic Insights Inc., a company developing non-invasive metabolic monitoring devices. The other authors declare no competing interests.