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Article History

Accepted: 5 July 2021

First Online: 27 August 2021

Competing interests

: P.A.O. has received consulting fees from Abbvie, Takeda and Janssen, and lecture fees from Takeda and Janssen. S.Z. has received honoraria for lectures from Alliance Bristol Myers Squibb-Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Aspen, Bayer Healthcare, MSD and GlaxoSmithKline. P.G.K. reports personal fees from Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer and Takeda, and research grants from Pfizer and Takeda. P.B. declares financial support for research from AbbVie, Mundipharma, Pfizer, Janssen, Amgen and Mylan; lecture fees from AbbVie, Takeda, Pfizer and Janssen; and advisory board fees from Abbvie, Takeda, Hospira, Janssen, Celltrion, BMS, Roche, Arena, MSD, Mundipharma, Roche, Pfizer, Sandoz and Pentax. R.B.G. reports speaker fees from AbbVie, Janssen, Ferring and Zespri, research grants from Zespri, AbbVie and Pfizer, and work on the advisory board for Zespri, AbbVie and Janssen. S.G. declares consulting fees from Pfizer, Janssen, AbbVie, Takeda, Bristol Myers Squibb, Receptos, Celgene, Gilead, Eli Lilly and Boehringer Ingelheim, and speaker fees from AbbVie, Janssen, Takeda, Ferring, Shield and Falk Pharma, outside of the submitted work. T.K. has served as a speaker, a consultant or an advisory board member for AbbVie, Ajinomoto Pharma, Asahi Kasei Medical, Astellas, Alfresa Pharma, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Covidien, EA Pharma, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, JIMRO, Kyorin Pharmaceutical, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Nippon Kayaku, Pfizer, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Thermo Scientific and Zeria Pharmaceutical, and has received research funding from AbbVie, Alfresa Pharma, Asahi Kasei Medical, EA Pharma, Kyorin Pharmaceutical, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Nippon Kayaku, Otsuka Holdings, Sekisui Medical, Thermo Fisher Scientific and Zeria Pharmaceutical. E.L. reports grants from the European Commission BIOCYCLE Research Programme, grants and personal fees from Abbvie, Takeda, Pfizer and Janssen, and personal fees from MSD, Ferring, Falk and Celgene. F.M. has served as a speaker and received honoraria from Merck Sharp & Dohme, Abbvie, Vifor, Falk, Laboratorios Vitoria, Ferring, Hospira and Biogen. S.C.N. has received honoraria for speaking or consultancy from AbbVie, Janssen, Ferring, Pfizer, Tillotts and Takeda, and has received research support from Olympus, Ferring and AbbVie. T.R. declares research/educational grants and/or speaker/consultation fees from Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Ferring, Gilead, GSK, LabGenius, Janssen, Mylan, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Sandoz, Takeda and UCB. F.V.T. has received fees for serving as a speaker and/or an advisory board member for Abbvie, Janssen and Takeda. D.T.R. has received grant support from Takeda, and has served as a consultant for Abbvie, Abgenomics, Allergan, Biomica, Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd., Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene Corp/Syneos, Check-cap, Dizal Pharmaceuticals, GalenPharma/Atlantica, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Services, Ichnos Sciences S.A., InDex Pharmaceuticals, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Lilly, Narrow River Mgmt, Pfizer, Prometheus Laboratories, Reistone, Shire, Takeda and Techlab. S.D. has served as a speaker, consultant or advisory board member for Schering-Plough, AbbVie, Actelion, Alphawasserman, AstraZeneca, Cellerix, Cosmo Pharmaceuticals, Ferring, Genentech, Grunenthal, Johnson and Johnson, Millenium Takeda, MSD, Nikkiso Europe GmbH, Novo Nordisk, Nycomed, Pfizer, Pharmacosmos, UCB Pharma and Vifor. L.P.-B. has served as a speaker, consultant or advisory board member for Merck, Abbvie, Janssen, Genentech, Mitsubishi, Ferring, Norgine, Tillots, Vifor, Hospira/Pfizer, Celltrion, Takeda, Biogaran, Boerhinger-Ingelheim, Lilly, HAC Pharma, Index Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Sandoz, Forward Pharma GmbH, Celgene, Biogen, Lycera, Samsung Bioepis and Theravance. V.R., S.A.A., P.L. and A.P. declare no competing interests.