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Article History

Accepted: 31 July 2023

First Online: 3 October 2023

Competing interests

: This Expert Recommendation was not influenced or supported by any commercial entity outside the academic institutions. H.H.U. received research support or consultancy fees from Janssen, Eli Lilly, UCB Pharma, BMS/Celgene, MiroBio, OMass and Mestag. J.C. reports that Sema4 performed sequencing of BioMe biobank, RGC (Regeneron Genetics Center) supported MRGPRX2 studies, ImmuneID supported biomarker development, Renalytix supported biomarker development. M.D. received a consulting fees from AbbVie Inc., Arena Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Celgene Corporation, Eli Lilly and Company, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Genentech Inc, Gilead, Janssen Global Services LLB, Pfizer Inc., Prometheus Biosciences, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. and UCB SA; performed contracted research for AbbVie Inc., Janssen Global Services LLC, Pfizer Inc. and Prometheus Biosciences; has an ownership interest in Trellus Health Inc., and has received a licensing fee from Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. A.M.G. has acted as a consultant or advisory board member for Abbvie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly, Merck, Janssen, Pfizer and Takeda; has received speaker fees from Abbvie and Janssen; and has received investigator-initiated research support from Abbvie. B.G. receives funding for his research from the following third parties: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), the E-rare program of the EU, managed by the DFG, the Netzwerke Seltener Erkrankungen of the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Merck KGaA, Takeda Pharma Vertrieb GmbH & Co. KG, Bristol-Myers Squibb GmbH & Co. KGaA, Novartis Pharma AG, and CSL Behring GmbH. During the last 3 years B.G. was an adviser to the following companies: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Adivo Associates Germany, Pharming Group NV, Epimune GmbH, GigaGen Inc., Atheneum Partners GmbH, UCB Pharma SA and Roche Pharma AG. S.H. reports consultancy fees from Takeda, Videregen and Pharming; and honoraria from Biotest and UCB. K.J. received speaker fees from Celltrion. S.K. reports grants given to the institution from Mead Johnson, Nestec Nutrition and BioGaia, and personal fees from Nestlé, Danone, Mead Johnson, Biocodex, Shire, Abbvie, Vifor, Pharmacosmos, Celgene. ThermoFisher, Janssen and Pfizer outside the submitted work. D.K. reports a sponsor research agreement with Celsius Therapeutics Inc., D.P.B.McG. is a consultant and holds stock in Prometheus Biosciences, and has consulted for Takeda, Gilead, Pfizer and Prometheus Laboratories. A.Ö. acts as a steering committee member for a clinical trial sponsored by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and received research funds from this company, and also has a pending patent on C5 inhibitor treatment of CHAPLE. L.d.R. reports collaboration (including involvement in industry-sponsored studies, an investigator-initiated study and consultancy) with Abbvie, Lilly, Takeda, Janssen and Pfizer. F.R. served as scientific board member or has received speaker fees from Johnson & Johnson, Centocor, AbbVie, Nestlé Nutrition Institute, Nestlé Health Science, Takeda, Celgene, Biogen and Bristol-Meyers Squibb. D.S.S. reports a research grant from Takeda, and consulting and lecturing fees from Jansen, AbbVie and Takeda. S.B.S. is supported by grants or in-kind contributions from Pfizer, Novartis, Janssen, Merck and Regeneron, is on the scientific advisory boards of Pfizer, Janssen, IFM Therapeutics, Lycera, Inc., Celgene, Lilly, Pandion Therapeutics and Applied Molecular Transport, and has consulted for Amgen and Hoffman La-Roche. S.P.T. was employed by the University of Oxford (and, until 31 March 2022, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust), has received graah support from AbbVie, Buhlmann, Celgene, ECCO, Helmsley Trust, IOIBD, Janssen, Lilly, Pfizer, Takeda, UCB, UKIERI, Vifor and Norman Collisson Foundation, consulting fees from Abacus, AbbVie, Actial, ai4gi, Alcimed, Allergan, Amgen, Aptel, Arena, Asahi, Aspen, Astellas, Atlantic, AstraZeneca, Barco, Biocare, Biogen, BLPharma, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Buhlmann, Calcico, Celgene, Cellerix, Cerimon, ChemoCentryx, Chiesi, CisBio, ComCast, Coronado, Cosmo, Ducentis, Dynavax, Elan, Enterome, Equillium, Falk, Ferring, FPRT Bio, Galapagos, Genentech/Roche, Genzyme, Gilead, Glenmark, Grunenthal, GSK, GW Pharmaceuticals, Immunocore, Immunometabolism, Indigo, Janssen, Lexicon, Lilly, Medarex, Medtrix, Merck, Merrimack, Mestag. Millenium, Neovacs, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, NPS-Nycomed, Ocera, Optima, Origin, Otsuka, Palau, Pentax, Pfizer, Pharmaventure, Phesi, Phillips, P&G, Pronota, Protagonist, Proximagen, Resolute, Robarts, Sandoz, Santarus, Satisfai, Sensyne Health, Shire, SigmoidPharma, Sorriso, Souffinez, Syndermix, Synthon, Takeda, Theravance, Tigenix, Tillotts, Topivert, Trino Therapeutics with Wellcome Trust, TxCell, UCB Pharma, Vertex, VHsquared, Vifor, Warner Chilcott and Zeria, and speaker fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, Falk, Ferring, Janssen, Pfizer, Shire, Takeda and UCB, but has no stocks or share options. D.T. has received consultation fees, a research grant, royalties or honoraria from Janssen, Pfizer, Hospital for Sick Children, Ferring, Abbvie, Takeda, Atlantic Health, Shire, Celgene, Lilly, Roche, ThermoFisher, Bristol-Meyers-Squibb and SorrisoPharma. D.C.W. has received consultancy fees, speaker fees and/or travel support from Abbvie, Nestlé Health Sciences and Roche. The other authors declare no competing interests.