Chen, Jie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4029-4192
Dan, Lintao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5963-2772
Wellens, Judith https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1647-8151
Jairath, Vipul
Yanai, Henit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5483-5271
Khalili, Hamed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7956-6941
Danese, Silvio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7341-1351
Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2536-6618
Wang, Xiaoyan
Li, Xue https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6880-2577
Magro, Fernando https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2634-9668
Article History
Accepted: 23 April 2026
First Online: 19 May 2026
Competing interests
: All authors declare no specific conflicts of interest related to this particular work. V.J. has received consulting fees from: Abbvie, Alimentiv, Amgen, Anaptys Bio, Asahi Kasei, Asieris, Astra Zeneca, Attovia, Blackbird Labs, BMS, Boehringer Ingleheim, Biomebank, Cabaletta, Caldera, Calluna, Catalytic Health, Celltrion, Ensho, Enthera, Enveda, Exeliome Biosciences, Ferring, Fresenius Kabi, Gilead, Granite Bio, GSK, Janssen, Lilly, Merck, Mobius, Mountainfield, MRM Health, Nxera, Orbimed, Organon, OSE Immunotherapeutics, Palisade Bio, Pendopharm, Pfizer, PharmaNest, Pioneering Medicine, PIPr Therapeutics, Roche/Genentech, Sanofi, SCOPE, Shattuck Labs, Sorriso, Spyre, Synedgen, Takeda, Teva, Tillotts, Throne Scientific, Tr1X Inc., Union Therapeutics, Ventus, Ventyx, Vividion, Xencor and Zealand Pharma. L.P.-B has acted as a consultant for Abbvie, Abivax, Adacyte, Alimentiv, Alfasigma, Amgen, Apini, Banook, BMS, Celltrion, Enthera, Ferring, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead, GSK, Hemay, Iterative Health, Janssen, Lilly, LifeMine, Medac, Mirador, Morphic, MSD, Nordic, Pharma, Novartis, Oddifact, Oncodesign Precision Medicine, Onco3R, ONO Pharma, OSE Immunotherapeuthics, Palisade Bio, Par’ Immune, Pfizer, Prometheus, Roche, Roivant, Samsung, Sandoz, Sanofi, Sorriso, Spyre, Takeda, Teva, ThirtyfiveBio, Tillots, Vectivbio, Vedanta and Ventyx; has stock options in Iterative Health, Oragen, Pharmanest and Thetis; and has received lecture fees from Abbvie, Alfasigma, Amgen, Biogen, Celltrion, Ferring, Fresenius, Kabi, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead, Iterative Health, Janssen, Lilly, Medac, MSD, Nordic Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz, Takeda and Tillots. H.Y. has received research grants from Pfizer; and consulting, advisory board or speaker fees from AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer, Takeda, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb and Eli Lilly. F.M. has served as a speaker and received honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, Arena, Celgene/Bristol Myers Squibb, Celtrion, Falk, Ferring, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos, Gilead, high5MD, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Lilly, Materia Prima, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Laboratorios Vitoria, Pharmacosmos, Pfizer, Sandoz/Hexal, Takeda, Teva, Tillotts and Vifor. All other authors declare no competing interests.