Früh, Klaus https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8014-3877
Borrow, Persephone https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3877-9780
Gillespie, Geraldine M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1075-870X
McMichael, Andrew J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-7478
Picker, Louis J.
Article History
Accepted: 24 July 2025
First Online: 3 September 2025
Competing interests
: Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), L.J.P. and K.F. have a substantial financial interest in Vir Biotechnology, Inc., a company that may have a commercial interest in the results of this research and technology. L.J.P. and K.F. are inventors of technology licensed to Vir Biotechnology. These potential individual and institutional conflicts of interest have been reviewed and managed by OHSU. A.J.M. and G.M.G. are inventors on HLA-E-related patents owned by Oxford University Innovation. A.J.M. and G.M.G. are cofounders of E-Biotherapy Ltd, a dormant company with a potential commercial interest in this research and technology.