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Article History

Accepted: 20 November 2020

First Online: 12 January 2021

Competing interests

: Over the last 3 years, D. C. has received honoraria (paid to his employer) from Excemed for faculty-led education work. He is a consultant for Biogen and Hoffmann-La Roche. He has received research funding from the International Progressive MS Alliance, the MS Society UK, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre. A. B. reports travel grants from Biogen France SAS, Genzyme, Novartis Pharma SAS, Teva Santé SAS. C. E. has received funding for travel and speaker honoraria from Biogen, Bayer Schering, Celgene, Genzyme, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd/Sanofi-Aventis, received research support from Biogen, Merck, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd/Sanofi-Aventis, and serves on scientific advisory boards for Bayer, Biogen, Genzyme, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd/Sanofi-Aventis. H. E. H. has received compensation for consulting services or speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Celgene, Merck Serono, and Sanofi Genzyme and serves on the editorial board of the Multiple Sclerosis Journal. M. A. R. has received speaker’s honoraria from Bayer, Biogen Idec, Calgene, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche and Teva, and receives research support from the Italian Ministry of Health and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. A. R. serves as Editorial Board member of <i>Neuroradiology</i> and <i>American Journal of Neuroradiology</i>, on scientific advisory boards for Bayer, Biogen, Novartis, OLEA Medical, Sanofi Genzyme, SyntheticMR and Roche, and has received speaker honoraria from Bayer, Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. J. S.-G. reports grants and personal fees from Genzyme received over the last 36 months and personal fees from Almirall, Bial, Biogen, Celgene, Merck, Novartis, Roche and Teva; he is Director of <i>Revista de Neurologia</i>, for which he does not receive any compensation, and serves as member of the Editorial Board of <i>Multiple Sclerosis Journal</i>, for which he receives compensation. M. M. S. serves on the Editorial Board of <i>Frontiers in Neurology</i> and has received compensation for consulting services or speaker honoraria from Biogen, ExceMed and Genzyme. B. T. received funding from the ZonMW Memorabel grant programme #73305056. C. T. has received a postdoctoral research ECTRIMS fellowship (2015); she has also received honoraria and support for travelling from Bayer, Biogen, Ismar Healthcare, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi and Teva Pharmaceuticals and provides consultancy services to Roche. C. G. W.-K. reports receiving research funding from the International Spinal Research Trust, the Craig H. Neilsen Foundation (the INSPIRED study), the MS Society (#77), Wings for Life (the INSPIRED study, #169111) and Horizon 2020 (CDS-QUAMRI, #634541). A. M. W. receives funding from the European Prevention of Alzheimer’s Dementia consortium, the Amyloid Imaging to Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease initiative (Innovative Medicines Initiative grants 115736 and 115962) and the European Progression of Neurological Disease Initiative (Horizon 2020 grant 666992). O. C. serves as a consultant for Merck, Novartis, and Roche; she receives an honorarium from the American Academy of Neurology as Associate Editor of <i>Neurology</i>. F. B. serves as an Editorial Board member of <i>Brain</i>, <i>European Radiology</i>, <i>Neurology</i>, <i>Multiple Sclerosis Journal</i> and <i>Radiology</i>; he has accepted consulting fees from Apitope Ltd, Bayer-Schering Pharma, Biogen-IDEC, GeNeuro, Sanofi Genzyme, IXICO Ltd, Jansen Research, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, and TEVA and speaker fees from Biogen-IDEC and IXICO. He has received grants from the Amyloid Imaging to Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease Initiative (Innovative Medicines Initiative), the European Progression of Neurological Disease Initiative (H2020), UK MS Society, Dutch MS Society, NIHR University College London Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and the Magnetic Resonance Imaging in MS network. The other authors declare no competing interests.