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Article History

Accepted: 1 August 2024

First Online: 10 September 2024

Competing interests

: H.A. has received personal fees from AbbVie, Lundbeck, Pfizer and Teva that are unrelated to this manuscript. D.L.H. has received research support from AbbVie and Pfizer and has acted as an adviser, speaker or consultant for AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Merck, Nxera Pharma and Teva. D.L.H. also receives funding from the NIH (RF1 NS113839). The contents of this manuscript do not represent the views of the US Government. At the time of drafting and submitting this manuscript, J.H. was employed as an academic researcher at King’s College London, UK. Since 1st May 2024, he has been employed by H. Lundbeck A/S; since this time, he has approved the manuscript but has made no changes. Prior to his employment at H. Lundbeck A/S, J.H. received honoraria for consulting activities and/or serving on advisory boards and/or as a speaker from AbbVie, Allergan, Autonomic Technologies, Cannovex, Chordate Medical, Eli Lilly, Hormosan Pharma, H. Lundbeck A/S, MD-Horizonte, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi and Teva. He has received personal fees for Medico-Legal work and from NEJM Journal Watch, Oxford University Press, Quintessence Publishing, Sage Publishing and Springer Healthcare. He holds stock options from Chordate Medical. He has also received research grants from Bristol Myers Squibb, the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), the Medical Research Council (MRC), the International Headache Society (IHS) and the Migraine Trust. He serves or has served as Associate Editor for <i>Cephalalgia</i>, <i>Cephalalgia Reports</i>, <i>Frontiers in Pain Research</i>, <i>Journal of Headache and Facial Pain</i> and <i>Journal of Oral</i><i>&</i><i> Facial Pain</i>. He has been an elected member of the Board of Trustees as well as the Science and Research Committee of the IHS as well as a Council Member and Treasurer of the British Association for the Study of Headache. A.F.R. has received personal fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Paragon and Schedule One Pharmaceuticals unrelated to this manuscript. A.F.R. receives funding from the NIH (R01 NS075599, RF1 NS113839 and R01 NS129573), Veterans Administration (IO1 RX003523) and Pfizer. The contents of the manuscript do not represent the views of the Veterans Administration or the US Government. M.A. has received personal fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Escient, GlaxoSmithKline, Lundbeck, Novartis, Pfizer and Teva Pharmaceuticals unrelated to this manuscript. M.A. also serves as an associate editor of Brain and The Journal of Headache and Pain. The other authors declare no competing interests.