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Article History

First Online: 17 September 2025

Competing interests

: In the past five years, H.T. has had travel expenses or registration fees prepaid or reimbursed to present at Continuing Medical Education conferences or attend meetings (for example, as a member of the International Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials in Multiple Sclerosis) from the Consortium of MS Centres (2023), the Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation (2023), National MS Society (2022-25), ECTRIMS and/or ACTRIMS (2017-2025), MS Canada (2023, 2025) and the American Academy of Neurology (2019). Speaker honoraria are either declined or donated to an MS charity or to an unrestricted grant for use by H.T.’s research group.