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Authors
Gilat, Moran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0072-4637
Nonnekes, Jorik https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-1427
Factor, Stewart A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-973X
Bloem, Bastiaan R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-3337
Nutt, John G.
Giladi, Nir
Hallett, Mark https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-6811
Nieuwboer, Alice
Horak, Fay B.
Weiss, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0447-7132
Cubo, Esther
Zoetewei, Demi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5175-6762
Moreau, Caroline
Jeon, Beomseok
Virmani, Tuhin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1826-2020
Hausdorff, Jeffrey M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-0776
Fasano, Alfonso https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5346-0180
Lewis, Simon J. G.
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Article History
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Competing interests
: M.G. has received research grants from the King Baudouin Foundation, ERN-RND, KU Leuven internal funds and The Michael J. Fox Foundation outside the submitted work. J.N. is supported by ZonMW, The Michael J. Fox Foundation, Gossweiler Foundation and ERN-RND outside the submitted work, and he is a member of the scientific adviser board of Cue2Walk. S.A.F. receives honoraria from Biogen, Takeda and Neurocrine; he receives grants from Sun Pharmaceuticals Advanced Research Company, Aspen, Biohaven, Neurocrine, Rho Inc, CHDI Foundation, The Michael J. Fox Foundation, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1 P50 NS123103-01, NIH 1R01NS125294-01 and Parkinson Foundation; he receives royalties from Demos, Blackwell Futura, Springer for textbooks, and Uptodate; he acts as consultant for Signant Health. B.R.B. serves as co-Editor-in-Chief for the Journal of Parkinson ’ s Disease , serves on the editorial board of Practical Neurology and Digital Biomarkers , has received fees from serving on the scientific advisory board for the Critical Path Institute, Gyenno Science, MedRhythms, UCB, Kyowa Kirin and Zambon (paid to the Institute), has received fees for speaking at conferences from AbbVie, Bial, Biogen, GE Healthcare, Oruen, Roche, UCB and Zambon (paid to the Institute), and has received research support from Biogen, Cure Parkinson’s, Davis Phinney Foundation, Edmond J. Safra Foundation, Fred Foundation, Gatsby Foundation, Hersenstichting Nederland, Horizon 2020, IRLAB Therapeutics, Maag Lever Darm Stichting, The Michael J. Fox Foundation, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy, Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (ZonMw), Not Impossible, Parkinson Vereniging, Parkinson’s Foundation, Parkinson’s UK, Stichting Alkemade-Keuls, Stichting Parkinson NL, Stichting Woelse Waard, Topsector Life Sciences and Health, UCB, Verily Life Sciences, Roche and Zambon. A.N. is supported by The Michael J. Fox Foundation. F.B.H. is supported by NIH, Department of Defence and The Michael J. Fox Foundation. E.C. acts as a scientific adviser for Abbvie, Esteve and Bial. D.Z. is currently employed by Cue2Walk International B.V. (The Hague, The Netherlands). T.V. has no disclosures related to this work; he has received support from the NIH/National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UM1TR004909, UL1TR003107), Parkinson’ Foundation (PF-JFA-1935), NSF/DART (23-EPS4-0028), NIH/National Cancer Institute (U24 3U24CA215109-02S1), and salary support from the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. A.F. has no disclosures related to this work; he has stock ownership in Inbrain Pharma and has received payments as consultant and/or speaker from Abbvie, Abbott, AskBio, Boston Scientific, Ceregate, Dompé Farmaceutici, Inbrain Neuroelectronics, Ipsen, Medtronic, Iota, Syneos Health, Merz, Sunovion, Paladin Labs, UCB and Sunovion; he has received research support from Abbvie, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Praxis, ES and receives royalties from Springer. J.M.H. received grant support from The Michael J Fox Foundation, the NIH and the Israel Ministry of Health. S.J.G.L. is supported by an NHMRC Leadership Fellowship (no. 1195830). All other authors declare no competing interests.
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