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Authors
Mahajan, Arjun
Bates, David W.
Liao, Katherine P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-3200
Sparks, Jeffrey A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5556-4618
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Article History
First Online: 13 October 2025
Competing interests
: J.A.S. has received research support from Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, and Sonoma Biotherapeutics unrelated to this work. He has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Amgen, Anaptys, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, MustangBio, Optum, Pfizer, ReCor, Sana, Sobi, and UCB, none of which are relevant to the present work. D.W.B. reports grants and personal fees from EarlySense, personal fees from CDI Negev, equity from ValeraHealth, equity from Clew, equity from MDClone, personal fees and equity from AESOP, personal fees and equity from Feelbetter, equity from Guided Clinical Solutions, and grants from IBM Watson Health, none of which are relevant to the present work. D.W.B. has a patent pending (PHC-028564 US PCT), on intraoperative clinical decision support. A.M. and K.P.L. declare no competing interests.
