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Article History

First Online: 28 April 2026

Competing interests

: S.G. reports personal honoraria for advisory board roles for Sanofi, Orion, Roche, Amgen and MSD; honoraria from RSI (Televisione Svizzera Italiana); invited speaker roles for the European Society of Medical Oncology, the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, the Swiss Academy of Multidisciplinary Oncology, the Orikata Academy Research Group and the China Anti-Cancer Association Genitourinary Oncology Committee; a speaker bureau role for Janssen Cilag; a travel grant from ProteoMEdiX; institutional honoraria for advisory board roles for Bayer, Janssen Cilag, Roche and AAA International; independent data monitoring committee and steering committee roles for Amgen, Menarini Silicon Biosystems, Astellas Pharma, Tolero Pharmaceutcials, MSD, Pfizer, Telix Pharma, Bristol Myers Squibb and Orion; and a financial interest in patent WO2009138392 for a biomarker research method. P.B. reports advisory board and speaker roles for Bayer, Astellas, Ipsen, Janssen, AstraZeneca, Boston Scientific, Merck Serono, MSD and Neolys. B.T. reports financial relationships with Amgen Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Ferring, Janssens, Myovant, Novartis and MSD. M.P. reports a travel grant from Bayer.